What is the main function of an inductor in an electrical circuit?

An inductor's main function in an electrical circuit is to store energy in a magnetic field when electrical current flows through it. This occurs due to the property of inductance, where the inductor resists changes in current. As the current increases, energy is stored in the magnetic field, and when the current decreases, this stored energy is released back into the circuit. This ability to store and release energy makes inductors essential components in various applications, such as filters, oscillators, and power supply circuits.

Inductors play a critical role in managing energy and maintaining current flow, especially in alternating current (AC) circuits, where they can help smooth out fluctuations. This is why they are often used in power applications to reduce ripple voltage and improve stability.